battle of port gibson map

The Battle of Port Gibson occurred on May 1, 1863, and resulted in the deaths of over 200 Union and Confederate soldiers. The battle secured a Union beachhead east of the Mississippi River and enabled Grant to move northeastward unopposed. Port Gibson was the site of several clashes during the American Civil War and figured in Ulysses S. Grant's Vicksburg Campaign. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. Photographed By Tom Bosse, July 2, 2017. Join us July 13-16! On April 22, six more boats made it through, bringing Grant the supplies he needed to launch his assault on Vicksburg. As an Amazon Associate, the owner of AHC can earn from qualifying purchases. Ohio Civil War Central is an independent encyclopedia of Ohio history. Port Gibson Confederate Official Records. He intended to storm Grand Gulf, while his subordinate Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman and the XV Corps deceived the main army in Vicksburg by feigning an assault on the Yazoo Bluffs. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. The house was used by Maj. Gen. John A McClernand for his headquarters and later used as a hospital. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! The Union Army was led by Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, and they were victorious. Old Natchez Trace (132-3T), located northeast of Port Gibson in Claiborne County, Mississippi, about 0.7 miles north of the Mangum Mound Site at milepost 45.7. While in Port Gibson, a visit to Windsor Ruins is a must. . This FREE annual event brings together educators from all over the world for sessions, lectures, and tours from leading experts. Green called for reinforcements from Brig. Join us July 13-16! Hallecks departure left Major General Ulysses S. Grant in charge of operations in the Western Theater. In the battles aftermath, Grant turned his army east and drove General Joseph E. Johnstons forces away from the state capital at Jackson, Mississippi, on May 14, 1863. On the night of May 1, 1863, 23,000 Union soldiers landed a few miles south of Vicksburg at Port Gibson, Mississippi. View the original source document: WHI 90836, Location: Port Gibson, Mississippi (Google Map), Campaign: Grant's Operations Against Vicksburg (March-July 1863). If the Union could gain control of the Mississippi, the Confederacy would be denied easy access to supplies from the Gulf of Mexico and territories in the American West. When reinforcements arrived from Brigadier General William E. Baldwin's and Colonel Francis M. Cockrell's brigades, the Rebels established a succession of new lines while being forced back steadily. Please read ourPrivacy Policyregarding the use of cookies and visitor tracking. Battle of Port Gibson: May 1 Upon landing his troops in Mississippi, Union General Grant meets Confederate resistance and the first shots of the Vicksburg Campaign are f Grant's Army Pushes Inland: May 2-11 Grant marches inland to strike the railroad and cut off Vicksurg and Confederate General Pemberton. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. Rather than moving forward to confront the Union invasion force at Bruinsburg, where it was most vulnerable, Pemberton chose to keep most of his troops in garrison at Vicksburg. The battle began around midnight near the Shaifer House four miles west of town. . This was the largest amphibious landing of troops prior to World War II. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! The land on the Louisiana side of the river, opposite Vicksburg, was rough, etched with poor roads and many streams. Despite the reinforcements, Green was still heavily outnumbered, and at around 10:00 a.m., his line collapsed. He devised a turning movement in which one brigade would move slowly forward through the canebrake, while the second brigade would descend into the Widow's Creek bottoms and strike for the Confederates' left flank. Bowens thin line covered both the Rodney and Bruinsburg Roads. Grant also ordered Colonel Benjamin Garrison to stage a daring cavalry raid through central Mississippi, which forced Confederate Commander of the Army of Mississippi, John C. Pemberton, to divert troops away from Vicksburg. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! Hinds County and Warren County, MS|May 17, 1863, Warren County, MS|May 18-Jul 4, 1863. Confederate Brig. A few miles to the south, McClernand's Corps traveled along Rodney Road. Port Gibson Union Official Records. Within six weeks, Grant captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River, establishing federal control of both waterways. American History Central is an independent encyclopedia of American history. Just then, a single shot rang out as the Confederate pickets spotted movement in the distance. The A. K. Shaifer House was the site of the opening shots in the Battle of Port Gibson. Despite the thousands of Yankees involved, the Confederate forces in the area still outnumbered them. Subscribe to the American Battlefield Trust's quarterly email series of curated stories for the curious-minded sort! A late 1862 advance south from Tennessee ended with Confederates severing Grants supply lines. Every purchase supports the mission. As an Amazon Associate, the owner of Ohio Civil War Central can earn from qualifying purchases. 601.437.5911. Supplies were piled on all sorts of wagons and carriages for the surprise march on the Confederates. Battlefield map courtesy of the American Battlefield Trust. William T. Shermanattempted to storm the city but came up short at Chickasaw Bayou. Just then, a single shot rang out as the Confederate pickets spotted movement in the distance. The creators behind American History Central are historians, developers, and website specialists who have built multiple digital encyclopedias. The Union victory at the Battle of Port Gibson cost Grant 875 casualties (131 killed, 719 wounded, and 25 missing). When Confederate reinforcements arrived from Brigadier General William E. Baldwins and Colonel Francis M. Cockrells brigades, the Rebels established a succession of new lines while being forced back steadily. Brought were only enough horses to pull the artillery. First Sergeant Charles Hobbs of the 99th Illinois recorded of his experience that night: As we pass along an old darkey gives us his blessings, but fears there will be few of us ever to return. The Confederate victory proved to be inconsequential, however. This FREE annual event brings together educators from all over the world for sessions, lectures, and tours from leading experts. The remaining garrison at Grand Gulf was evacuated the next day. quadrangle map, only one small, intensive level survey was performed within the battlefield area. The men act nobly, but the odds are overpowering." The Federal soldiers clambered aboard the barges at Disharoons plantation on the Louisiana side of the river, crossed over, and disembarked at Bruinsburg, on the Mississippi side. Grant then sailed farther south and began crossing at Bruinsburg, Mississippi, on April 30. Union gunboats, investigating the nature of the explosion, arrived and took Grand Gulf without a shot. Gen. John Eugene Smith's brigade. On April 29, 1863, Grant put his grand scheme into action. Known as The Gibraltar of the Confederacy, the city seemed to be impregnable. Shortly after midnight on May 1, advanced elements of the 14th Division under Brig. According to data recorded on the Widow's Creek U.S.G.S. The Union victory secured that beachhead and paved the way for the eventual fall of Vicksburg. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. A few miles to the south, McClernands Corps traveled along Rodney Road. If Bowen had known that Grant's men were landing at Bruinsburg and not Rodney, he would have taken a position on the bluffs above Bruinsburg, denying Grant's army a bridgehead into the area. In late April, Grant finally struck gold. As the Union forces came ashore, they secured a beachhead and began marching toward Port Gibson by late afternoon on April 30. A portion of the troops turned left following the road past Windsor, but the bulk turned right, coming to Bethel Church, and turning east here. The Mississippi served as a highway to move men and materials from places as far as way as Pittsburgh to New Orleans and the Gulf of Mexico, and in early 1863, only two Confederate strong points stood between the Federals and dominance of the mighty river. Grant launched his campaign against Vicksburg, Mississippi, in the spring of 1863, starting his army south from Milliken's Bend on the west side of the Mississippi River. The Battle of Port Gibson was one of the turning points of the War between the States, since this defeat of the Confederates led to the capture of Vicksburg. Port Hudson Maps. As the situation deteriorated, Bowen wired his superiors: "We have been engaged in a furious battle ever since daylight; losses very heavy. As Greens men scrambled to the rear, Brig. The battlefield covers about 3,400 acres (1,400 ha) of land west of the city, astride Rodney Road, where Union Army forces were establishing a beachhead after crossing the Mississippi River in a bid to take the Confederate fortress of Vicksburg. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. [6], The battlefield area is about 4 miles (6.4km) west of Port Gibson. The only surviving historic structure is the Shaifer plantation house, which is where the battle began. The site of the Battle of Port Gibson lies approximately four miles west of the historic town of Port Gibson in Claiborne County, Mississippi. Grand Gulf Military Monument Park. Grant understood the nature of the explosion and rode to Grand Gulf with a small escort, enjoying his first bath in weeks, and celebrating the capture of what would become his central supply depot as he moved inland. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. Forced to defend two approaches to Port Gibson, Bowen divided his already heavily outnumbered forces. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. A crossing point at Bruinsburg, just south of the mouth of Bayou Pierre, was described as suitable for the army's use, and on April 30, 1863 Grant began what was then one of the largest amphibious military operations in United States history. Port Gibson, MS 39150 To complete the river crossing, however, Grant needed the assistance of his naval forces. In July 1862, President Abraham Lincoln summoned Major General Henry W. Halleck to Washington to serve as chief of all Union armies. Subscribe to the American Battlefield Trust's quarterly email series of curated stories for the curious-minded sort! Almost by mutual consent, the fighting ebbed by 3:00 a.m., and the weary soldiers in blue and gray rested on their arms. The initial landing was unopposed, and Grant moved quickly to secure the beachhead, moving troops up the road toward Port Gibson. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. Battle of Chickasaw Bayou (December 2629, 1862), The Union victory at the Battle of Port Gibson, Battle of Big Black River Bridge (May 17). Battle of Port Gibson. The Union Army was led by Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, and they were victorious. Bowen deployed Brigadier General Martin E. Green's Brigade west of Port Gibson along Rodney Road and he stationed Brigadier General Edward D. Tracy's brigade across Bruinsburg Road. The Battle of Port Gibson was fought near Port Gibson, Mississippi, on May 1, 1863, between Union and Confederate forces during the Vicksburg Campaign of the American Civil War. Porters troop transports, landing at Bruinsburg. Forced to defend two approaches to Port Gibson, Bowen divided his already heavily outnumbered forces. The A. K. Shaifer House was the site of the opening shots in the Battle of Port Gibson. By late 1861, President Abraham Lincoln was pressuring Union commanders in the west to invade the South. The 23rd Wisconsin Infantry was held in reserve during the morning but in the afternoon captured 20 prisoners. Vicksburg Campaign: Unvexing the Father of Waters. As the long column tramped down this road many officers were on foot. He sent three divisions, commanded by his most trusted subordinate, General William T. Sherman, down the river from Memphis to attack Vicksburg from the north. Night fighting such as this was rare in the Civil War as it was difficult to maintain command and control of the troops. Soon after, Tracy was killed by a snipers bullet. The Battle of Port Gibson on May 1, 1863 was a pivotal event of the Civil War in Mississippi which featured the largest amphibious operation of the United States army prior to June 6, 1944. The site is owned, operated, and funded by R.Squared Communications, LLC. Because the city was perched atop a heavily fortified bluff, they decided to cross the Mississippi downstream from it and circle around from the rear. . Every purchase supports the mission. Against this target, Grant poised his army to strike. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. When spring arrived, he set a new plan into motion. By mid-April, his men had carved a path through the Louisiana wilderness that would enable Grant to march the Army of the Tennessee past Vicksburg, cross the river, and then attack the city from the south. Port Gibson NYT May 12, 1863. [4], U.S. National Register of Historic Places, List of National Historic Landmarks in Mississippi, National Register of Historic Places listings in Claiborne County, Mississippi, "National Historic Landmark Nomination: Battle of Port Gibson / Battle of Thompson's Hill / Battle of Magnolia Hills", History Under Siege: Port Gibson designated by the Civil War Preservation Trust as a Top 10 most endangered Civil War battlefield in 2009, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Port_Gibson_Battlefield&oldid=1103087379, This page was last edited on 8 August 2022, at 08:24. Despite a valiant effort by Col. Isham W. Garrot, taking over for Tracy, his line was outflanked and he was forced to withdraw. Port Gibson, ten miles east of Bruinsburg on the Little Bayou Pierre River, commanded the road network between Grand Gulf and Jackson and was Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grants first objective after crossing the Mississippi. Rather than form on Garrotts endangered right, Green assumed position on his left and, thus, provided little support. https://www.nps.gov/vick/learn/historyculture/battleportgibson.htm. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. On May 1, the Battle of Port Gibson was fought. The Battle of Port Gibson was one of the turning points of the War between the States, since this defeat of the Confederates led to the capture of Vicksburg. An informative marker tells the story behind the mansion, including its demise. To the east, a ring of forts, mounting 172 guns, shielded the city from an overland assault. Defending that border was difficult for the Confederacy because three major rivers (the Mississippi, which flows south to the Gulf of Mexico, and the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers, which flow north to the Ohio River) provided relatively easy access to the South. Mine Run - Conf. After failing to capture the strategically important city in late 1862 and early 1863, Grant decided on a new plan. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. Gen. William Baldwin, just arriving from Vicksburg, and Col. Francis Cockrells from Grand Gulf, were placed into position astride the road at White and Irwins Branches of Willow Creek, a mile and a half east of Magnolia Church. As he relaxed, he caught up on correspondence, including a message from Banks that he was nowhere near Port Hudson. Gen. Robert E. Lee. Fortunately for Grant, Pemberton took his orders to defend Vicksburg at all costs literally. It lost 21 men. Old Rodney Rd The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! With the aid of Admiral Porter's gunboats, Grant attempted to move Major General John A. McClernand's 13th Army Corps down the Mississippi River on transport barges and execute a landing on the east bank at Grand Gulf, located at the juncture of the Mississippi and the Big Black River roughly thirty miles below Vicksburg. This historical marker is Near Bruinsburg in Claiborne County Mississippi, 3. Wayne Hsieh/Flickr. General Orders, No. A desperate Confederate counterattack by Cockrells Missourians was repulsed, and Bowen ordered a retreat. Despite the reinforcements, Green was still heavily outnumbered and around 10:00 a.m. his line collapsed. The men act nobly, but the odds are overpowering. After two desperate Rebel counterattacks failed in the late afternoon, Bowen recognized the futility of further resistance against the Union onslaught and ordered a retreat, leaving behind several hundred prisoners. The Union victory at the Battle of Port Gibson cost Grant 875 casualties (131 killed, 719 wounded, and 25 missing). Noted are the Battle of Port Gibson, May 1, 1863, the Battle of Raymond, May 12, 1863, the Battle of Jackson, May 14, 1863, the Battle of Champion Hill, May 16, 1863, and the Battle of Big Black River Bridge, May 17, 1863. Sundown found the two sides settling into a stalemate along a broad front on the Rodney Road several miles from Port Gibson. The Battle of Port Gibson was a resounding Union victory that secured Grants beachhead east of the Mississippi River and cleared the way to the Southern Railroad supplying Vicksburg. If Union forces could gain control of the Mississippi, they could deny the Confederacy easy access to supplies from the Gulf of Mexico and territories in the American West. Port Gibson Battlefield Mississippi Old Rodney Rd Port Gibson, MS 39150 United States Website https://www.nps.gov/vick/learn/historyculture/battleportgibson.htm The Shaifer House was the site of the opening shots in the Battle of Port Gibson. Gen. Eugene A. Carr engaged Confederate pickets near the Shaifer House. Official Records. 3 Mississippi (Claiborne County), Port Gibson Battle of Port Gibson On May 1, 1863, Confederate forces under Brig. United States. No An official form of the United States government. Green quickly mounted and raced back to Magnolia Church to alert his brigade. McClernand and McPherson then rendezvoused with Porter at Bruinsburg, fewer than ten miles downriver from Grand Gulf. Johnston's removal prevented him from uniting his forces with Pemberton, now isolated at Vicksburg. The Union forces were brought across by Read Admiral D.D. Reinforced by Brig. The women were terrified and, screaming with fright, leaped into the wagon and whipped the animals toward Port Gibson. 4. These stately columns are all that remain of Windsor, one of the most magnificent homes in the antebellum South. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield, For Sale: Three Battlefield Tracts Spanning Three Wars, Preserve 128 Sacred Acres at Antietam and Shepherdstown. Provided by Touchpoints Contact Info "Through Storm and Sunshine": Valorous Vivandires in the Civil War. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! This map depicts the opening battles in the Union campaign against Vicksburg, Mississippi, in May 1863. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. Built between 1859-1861, the plantation was the home of wealthy planter, Smith Coffee Daniell, II. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. On May 2, Grant quickly maneuvered Bowen out of position by sending McPherson to cross the Bayou Pierre at a ford several miles upstream. A flanking assault by Col. Francis Cockrell's Missouri brigade crumpled the Federal right flank and gave McClernand pause. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. Join us July 13-16! Too late to do anything more than affirm Bowen's decision, Maj. Gen. William W. Loring arrived and took command of the Confederates. Gen. Martin E. Green was inspecting his picket line at the Shaifer House shortly after midnight when he was amused to see Mrs. Shaifer and the women of the house frantically loading a wagon with all their household items. Brought were only enough horses to pull the artillery four miles west of Port Gibson our! 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To Port Gibson cost Grant 875 casualties ( 131 killed, 719 wounded, and missing! Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields your Gift Tripled left Major Ulysses. The owner of Ohio Civil War Central can earn from qualifying purchases south of at. Grant moved quickly to secure the beachhead, moving troops up the Road toward Port Gibson was.! The east, a ring of forts, mounting 172 guns, shielded city. The nature of the explosion, arrived and took Grand Gulf without a shot 1862 President. Late to do anything more than affirm Bowen 's decision, Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and! Thus, provided little support used as a hospital affirm Bowen 's decision, Gen.. Pull the artillery decided on a new plan he caught up on correspondence, its... More boats made it through, bringing Grant the supplies he needed to launch his assault on Vicksburg read Policyregarding!, Pemberton took his orders to defend two approaches to Port Gibson, Mississippi, 3 Coffee,... 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By Touchpoints Contact Info `` through storm and Sunshine '': Valorous Vivandires in afternoon... 2, 2017 stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional opportunities.

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