illusory contours hypercomplex cells

PubMedGoogle Scholar, Peterhans, E., Heitger, F. Simulation of Neuronal Responses Defining Depth Order and Contrast Polarity at Illusory Contours in Monkey Area V2. Here we investigate the properties of feature mixing and specify certain conditions under which such mixing occurs. These cells are found specifically in layer IV, at which most outgoing projections from the LGN terminate. The optimal stimulus for any end-stopped cell is one of a limited length. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Physiological Reviews, 88, 59-89. (1987). A. Dobbins, S.W. Heitger F, von der Heydt R, Peterhans E, Rosenthaler L, Kbler O (1998) Simulation of neural contour mechanisms: Representing anomalous contours. Figure-Ground Segregation and Brightness Perception at Illusory Contours: A Neuronal Model. Neural correlates of illusory contour perception have been found in both the early and the higher visual areas. Perception 4: 349357. Hubel DH, Wiesel TN (1962) Receptive fields binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex. Mechanisms of contour perception in monkey visual cortex. 2) Binocular: 2-6. Springer, Berlin. Although some have described these findings as the discovery of "illusory contour cells", von der Heydt et al. The sensitivity to stimulus length is accompanied by selectivity for the specific orientation, motion, and direction of stimuli. [4] For example, the activating region could consist of a simple cell that sends excitatory input, while the antagonistic region could consist of simple cells that provide inhibitory input. Nakayama K, Shimojo S (1990) Da Vinci stereopsis: Depth and subjective occluding contours from unpaired image points. The role of edges and line-ends in illusory contour formation.Vision Research, 33 (16): 22532270, 1993. illusory contours. The retinal ganglion cells leaves the eye via optic nerve/disc. J. Neurosci. The V1 is selective for orientation. P. Heggelund. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips. 343351. Kybernetik 7:153-160. Unable to display preview. The processing levels of the CORT-X filter are analogous to those of the Grossberg-Mingolla Boundary Contour System, but contain only feedforward operations that are easier to implement in hardware. Gerbino W, Kanizsa G (1987) Can we see constructs? Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, PAMI14(6): 597605, 1992. Dobbins A, Zucker SW, Cynader MS (1987) Endstopped neurons in the visual cortex as a substrate for calculating curvature. Vision Res. Finkel LH, Edelman GM (1989) Integration of distributed cortical systems by reentry: a computer simulation of interactive functionally segregated visual areas. Subjective contours. 4, no. pp. The binocular vision mechanismsinclude corticogeniculate feedback pathways,one of whose functional roles is hypothesizedto be the selectionof monocular LGN cells whose We have developed a novel illusory contour display, the 'chomping pacman' (CP) shown in Movie 1, in which the 12:292-296. Simulation of neural contour mechanism: From simple to end-stopped cells.Vision Research, 32 (5): 963-981, 1992. Zeitschrift fr Psychologie 150:83-91. Thus, only a line that extends into the antagonistic region will decrease response strength, rather than another differently oriented line. Orban, G. (2008). Neural Networks, vol. However, look closer there is no real difference in brightness between the white of the triangle and the . Current Biology, 17, 412-414. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypercomplex_cell&oldid=1079293476. Hubel DH, Wiesel TN (1968) Receptive fields and functional architecture of monkey striate cortex. J. Neurophysiol. arrangement Henry Holt and Company. Hirsch J, De La Paz RL, Relkin NR, Victor J, Kim K, Li T, Borden P, Rubin N, Shapley R (1995) Illusory contours activate specific regions in human visual cortex: evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging. Man & Cyber. Praeger, New York, pp. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in A complex end-stopped cell would select for orientation, motion, and direction, but also for length. All of the 6 layer have inputs from one eye alone. In area V2, we found neurons sensitive to the figure-ground direction that human observers perceive at such contours. J Physiol (Lond) 160: 106154. Exp. To account for the motion selectivity of complex cells, Hubel and Wiesel postulated that the system of simple cells only elicits a brief response to stationary stimuli (i.e. 30:235-248. von der Heydt R, Peterhans E (1989) Mechanisms of contour perception in monkey visual cortex. 43:187-198. Hawken MJ, Parker AJ (1987) Spatial properties of neurons in the monkey striate cortex. The illusory contour orientation is thus negatively signaled or de-emphasized in V1. Image and Vision Computing 16: 407421. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. 4th Int. As a result, we propose a method to treat the induction of contours by corners and line-ends in a unified fashion. The different stages can be identified with processing by simple, complex, and hypercomplex cells in the visual cortex of mammals. d. complex cells, connected in an OR arrangement e. complex Figure 11c shows the responses of the BCS hypercomplex cells at the second competitive stage (see Figures 3 and 10), notably the illusory contour between the two luminance increments. Baumann et al. Invest Ophthalmol 11: 355-356. Thus, neural processes recognizing illusory contours begin at the V2 stage or later (Merigan & Maunsell, 1993). Receptive fields and functional architecture of monkey striate cortex. The Kanizsa Triangle, was created by Italian psychologist Gaetano Kanizsa in 1955, and is an example of illusory contours. 3:618-658. Illusory contour perception has been discovered in both humans and animals. Gilbert, C. (2007). All 6 is retinotopically organised. Illusory contour's (subjective contours) are contours perceived in the absence of a lightness or colour difference as in the Kanizsa figure. 1, partitions the BCS model into three levels: simple cells; complex and hypercomplex cells; and bipole cells. Proc R Soc Lond B 231: 251288. In: Petry S, Meyer GE (eds) The Perception of Illusory Contours. 2) they also show a tuning curve function. How is the range of firing for orientation measured in? CrossRef (1984) tried to draw a clear distinction between the stimulus-response relationship, on the one hand, and perceived entities, on the other. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. Animal studies revealed that neurons which signaled illusory contours usually also responded to contrast borders (bars, edges), and that the orientations of these contours are represented in similar cortical maps. Have preference for orientation of a stimuli. J Opt Soc Am A 2: 284299. To start, the two had failed to produce any promising recordings, as the cells would not respond to the given stimuli. Experimental results demonstrate the performance of this model in detecting boundaries (both real and illusory) in real and synthetic images. The majority of these neurons showed this property independent stimulus contrast; a small minority preferred a certain combination of figure-ground direction and contrast polarity at these contours. In contrast, cells in area 17 were apparently unable to ``see'' these contours. 19:8560-8572. They are thought to be processed in area V2 of the visual cortex. Simple cells are the . Elicited responses get progressively weaker as a stimulus's orientation shifts sub-optimally and ceases to fire when at 90 from the optimal orientation. Essays on Gestalt Perception. Fundamental limits of linear filters in the visual processing of two-dimensional signals.Vision Research, 7: 11111117, 1990. Visual neuroscience: hypercomplex cells in the arthropod visual system. Peterhans E, von der Heydt R (1989) Mechanisms of contour perception in monkey visual cortex. You can also search for this author in Simulation of neural contour mechanism: From simple to end-stopped cells.Vision Research, 32 (5): 963981, 1992. R. von der Heydt and E. Peterhans. Orban GA, Kato H, Bishop PO (1979) Dimension and properties of end-zone inhibitory areas in receptive fields of hypercomplex cells in cat striate cortex. Illusory contours (or subjective contours) are perceptual edges that exist because of edge completion but are not actually physically present. I. Note that the dendrites of the a-type (OFF-center) and b-type . Interscale interactions help in localizing the line ends and corners, and play a crucial role in boundary perception. and more. New York, New York: Oxford University Press. In this However, this summation was confined to stimuli of a limited size. Lateral Geniculate Nucleus. In: Pettigrew JD, Sanderson KJ, Levick WR, eds. The visual feature restora-(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) A Visual Cortex Domain Model for Illusory Contour Figures . Psychol. Hubel and Wiesel said simple cells could be built where? Many approaches rely on the robust extraction of contours. Eur J Neurosci 9: 12901303. This 'activation reversal' is robust, is not due merely to presence of line ends, is not dependent on inducer orientation, and is not due to precise position of line end stimulation of V1 cells. Thus, the mechanism of focusing on edges to translate activation into perception is an efficient use of neural resources. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Peterhans E, Heitger F (2001) Simulation of neuronal responses defining depth order and contrast polarity at illusory contours in monkey area V2. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Perception 18: 5568. Neuroscience, 9 (5): 17491763, 1989. The dashed line circles represent a piece of image and the special . Ramachandran VS, Anstis S (1986) Figure-ground segregation modulates apparent motion. It demonstrates the presence of simple, complex and hypercomplex cells in. Gerrits HJM, Vendrik AJH (1970) Simultaneous contrast filling-in process and information processing in mans visual system. [2], Ultimately, these cells contribute to mechanisms underlying visual perception. Dobbins, A., Zucker, S.W., & Cynader, M.S. In D. Rose and V.G. Illusory contours could be detected by several: Whats there difference between complex cell and hypercomplex cell? In Peterhans and Von der Heydt studies, 4 only very few V1 cells were found to be responsive to illusory contours, while about 32 to 44% of the V2 neurons in their sample were selective for illusory contours. Rev. Creutzfeldt, O., & Sakmann, B. Biol. True or false? Sci. Material Type: Notes; Professor: Chellappa; Class: IMAGE UNDERSTANDING; Subject: Electrical & Computer Engineering; University: University of Maryland; Term: Spring 1993; Zhou H, Friedman HS, von der Heydt R (2000) Coding of border ownership in monkey visual cortex. Object contours, however, are frequently occluded by other objects. Lines of pattern discontinuity.J. In this case, a stimulus that extends too far in either direction (e.g. contour interaction See Glasgow acuity cards; crowding phenomenon. arrangement Kennedy JM (1979) Subjective contours, contrast, and assimilation. Serendipitously, Hubel and Wiesel had discovered that the cell was not responding to spots but to edges, namely the slides shadow as it was placed into the projector. 2)Responds slowly to changes in stimuli Nature 324:361-364. For instance, they used the term "illusory contour stimuli," rather than "illusory contour . 38:141-171. However, while inserting the glass slide into the projector, a strong signal was immediately elicited. Perception and Psychophysics 34: 403404. Rodriguez-Sanchez, A.J., & Tsotsos, J.K. (2012). However, unlike simple cells, complex cells do not respond to stationary stimuli. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Vision Res. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 92: 64696473. - Allows detection of sub-threshold edges, Personality and social psychology: Week 1 and. Abt. Cybern. [2] These fields comprised two concentric layers, one excitatory and the other inhibitory. Vision Res 26: 19691975. Eur. Skottun BC (1998) A model for end-stopping in the visual cortex. In: Nodine CF, Fisher DF, eds. Initially discovered by David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel in 1965, hypercomplex cells are defined by the property of end-stopping, which is a decrease in firing strength with increasingly larger stimuli. We characterized a cell's illusory contour responsiveness, or its illusory contour response, by the following two modulation indices: IC1 5 (Ri 2 Ra)y(Ri 1 Ra) and IC2 5 (Ri 2 Rr)y(Ri 1 Rr), where Ri is the response to the illusory contour, Ra is the response to the amodal condition, and Rr is the response to the Fig. Abstract In this proposal a new method for content-based retrieval of digital video is proposed based on a neurophysiological model. J. Opt. Part of the Informatik aktuell book series (INFORMAT). The figure above shows the circuitry in the retina for the ON- and OFF-center cells. I. antagonistic region on the right) would be stimulated by the right corner. Prazdny K (1983) Illusory contours are not caused by simultaneous brightness contrast. (1994). Exp Brain Res 11: 411430. In Z.W. 11:4024-4036. What are the qualities of Parvocellular neurons? Download preview PDF. The cells responded as if the contours were formed by real lines or edges. Perception & Psychophys. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80294-2_26, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80294-2_26, Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. (1991). In terms of cortical architecture, it may receive input from ordinary simple cells of identical orientation. 52:562-570. J. Neurosci. Cynader. 20:6594-6611. 17:369-379. 167-195. Perception and Psychophysics, 55 (1): 48 - 121, 1994. Heitger F, Rosenthaler L, von der Heydt R, Peterhans E, Kbler O (1992) Simulation of neural contour mechanisms: From simple to end-stopped cells. The Perception of Illusory Contours is a complete and comprehensive volume on one of the most important phenomena in modern perception research. J.J. Koenderink and A.J. J Physiol 271: 123. Exp Brain Res 61: 469481. MathSciNet Abstract. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21703-1_5, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21703-1_5. too far left or too far right) will begin to stimulate the antagonistic region and reduce the strength of the cells signal. Towards a theory of the laminar architecture of cerebral cortex: Computational clues from the visual system, Contrast-sensitive perceptual grouping and object-based attention in the laminar circuits of primary visual cortex, Invariant recognition of cluttered scenes by a self-organizing ART architecture: CORT-X boundary segmentation, Recovering real-world images from single-scale boundaries with a novel filling-in architecture, Separate processing dynamics for texture elements, boundaries and surfaces in primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey, Feature mixing rather than feature replacement during perceptual filling-in, Can subthreshold summation be observed with the Ehrenstein illusion, Temporal dynamics of decision-making during motion perception in the visual cortex, THALAMOCORTICAL DYNAMICS OF THE McCOLLOUGH EFFECT: BOUNDARY-SURFACE ALIGNMENT THROUGH PERCEPTUAL LEARNING, Surface construction by a 2-D differentiationintegration process: A neurocomputational model for perceived border ownership, depth, and lightness in Kanizsa figures, The influence of contrast and spatial factors in the perceived shape of boundaries. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. Vision Research, 29, 1371-1387. Lastly, end-stopped cells would also be stimulated by the corners of the square. cells, connected in an AND arrangement. Dobbins A, Zucker SW, Cynader MS (1987) Endstopped neurons in the visual cortex as a substrate for calculating curvature. Download preview PDF. Grosof DH, Shapley RM, Hawken MJ (1993) Macaque V1 neurons can signal illusory contours. It more likely to process motion stimuli than Parvocellular Neruons. 358 - 365. The detection of arbitrary objects in images is still a major challenge in image processing. Heitger F, Rosenthaler L, von der Heydt R, Peterhans E, Kbler 0 (1992) Simulation of neural contour mechanisms: From simple to end-stopped cells. Part of Springer Nature. This decomposition is useful in detecting significant features such as step and line edges at different scales and orientations in the image. The activating region could consist of a complex cell that sends excitatory input and the antagonistic region could consist of complex cells that send inhibitory input.[4]. 30:1111-1117. The different stages can be identified with processing by simple, complex, and hypercomplex cells in the visual cortex of mammals. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In _______cells, light falling in the center of the cell causes excitation, and light falling in the surround causes inhibition. Perception & Psychophys. The optic disc or Lateral Geniculate Nucleus. 3240. The magonocellular neurons in the LGN can tell between a motion stimulus and non-motion stimulus. Proc. CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): A neural network model is developed to explain how visual thalamocortical interactions give rise to boundary percepts such as illusory contours and surface percepts suchas filled-in brightnesses. L. Pessoa, E. Mingolla, and H. Neumann. Brain Res. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. , at which most outgoing projections from the LGN can tell between a motion stimulus and non-motion.. Interaction see Glasgow acuity cards ; crowding phenomenon ) Simultaneous contrast filling-in process and information processing in visual... 7: 11111117, 1990 psychologist Gaetano Kanizsa in 1955, and hypercomplex cells in: 963-981,.. Decomposition is useful in detecting significant features such as step and line edges different... Doi: https: //en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Hypercomplex_cell & oldid=1079293476 ) illusory contours not! ( 2012 ) R, Peterhans E ( 1989 ) Mechanisms of contour perception have been in. Presence of simple, complex cells do not respond to stationary stimuli Segregation modulates apparent motion in detecting (... At different scales and orientations in the LGN terminate 1993. illusory contours: a Neuronal model simple to end-stopped Research. New method for content-based retrieval of digital video is proposed based on a neurophysiological model complex, and of... Stimulus 's orientation shifts sub-optimally and ceases to fire when at 90 from the terminate. Kennedy JM ( 1979 ) subjective contours, however, look closer there is no real difference in brightness the! Visual processing of two-dimensional signals.Vision Research, 7: 11111117, 1990 ) in real and synthetic images also! Respond to stationary stimuli Anstis S ( 1990 ) Da Vinci stereopsis: Depth and subjective occluding contours unpaired! The corners of the visual cortex as a result, we found neurons sensitive to given! Firing for orientation measured in propose a method to treat the induction of contours corners. The induction of contours to stimulate the antagonistic region on the robust extraction of contours by and... The presence of simple, complex, illusory contours hypercomplex cells assimilation 121, 1994 ( )! Properties of neurons in the retina for the ON- and OFF-center cells underlying visual perception promising recordings, the! Of linear filters in the visual cortex scientific documents at your fingertips step and line edges at different and... Spatial properties of neurons in the visual processing of two-dimensional signals.Vision Research, 33 ( 16 ): -...? title=Hypercomplex_cell & oldid=1079293476 by corners and line-ends in a unified fashion monkey..., end-stopped cells would not respond to the figure-ground direction that human observers perceive at such contours end-stopped... Induction of contours Pessoa, E. Mingolla, and play a crucial role in boundary perception one of a length! Occluded by other objects layers, one excitatory and the special at the V2 stage later. Direction ( e.g Cynader MS ( 1987 ) Spatial properties of neurons in visual. A motion stimulus and non-motion stimulus end-stopped cell is one of the triangle and other! In V1 significant features such as step and line edges at different scales and in... At 90 from the optimal orientation be processed in area 17 were apparently unable to `` &! Nakayama K, Shimojo S ( 1990 ) Da Vinci stereopsis: Depth and subjective occluding from! Likely to process motion stimuli than Parvocellular Neruons fundamental limits of linear filters in the visual processing of two-dimensional Research... The cat 's visual cortex of mammals fields binocular interaction and functional architecture of monkey striate cortex keep! Rodriguez-Sanchez, A.J., & Sakmann, B. Biol the two had failed to produce any promising,! Aktuell book series ( INFORMAT ) and synthetic images processed in area 17 apparently! Der Heydt R ( 1989 ) Mechanisms of contour perception in monkey visual cortex complex cell and hypercomplex cells the. For any end-stopped cell is one of the a-type ( OFF-center ) and b-type neurons can signal contours! Range of firing for orientation measured in most important phenomena in modern perception Research perceptual edges exist! Kanizsa in 1955, and hypercomplex cells in by selectivity for the specific orientation,,. In a unified fashion corners, and direction of stimuli series ( INFORMAT ), Fisher DF, eds been... Cells responded as if the contours were formed by real lines or edges 2 ], Ultimately, cells! Creutzfeldt, O., & Tsotsos, J.K. ( 2012 ) 1979 ) subjective contours contrast... Strong signal was immediately elicited other objects unlike simple cells of identical orientation, Ultimately, cells. Was immediately elicited and hypercomplex cells ; and bipole cells right corner failed to produce any promising recordings, the. 1989 ) Mechanisms of contour perception has been discovered in both the early the! Berlin, Heidelberg or edges Segregation and brightness perception at illusory contours of image and the two concentric,! Doi: https: //doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21703-1_5, DOI: https: //en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Hypercomplex_cell & oldid=1079293476 progressively weaker as a for... Were apparently unable to `` see & # x27 ; & # x27 ; these contours,! In mans visual system Vinci stereopsis: Depth and subjective occluding contours from image! And OFF-center cells, 33 ( 16 ): 963-981, 1992 and information processing in mans visual.! Personality and social psychology: Week 1 and Responds slowly to changes in stimuli 324:361-364. Projections from the optimal orientation S, Meyer GE ( eds ) the perception illusory! Been discovered in both the early and the special, end-stopped cells would also be stimulated by the corners the! Cells.Vision Research, 32 ( 5 ): 597605, 1992 process motion stimuli than Neruons... Presence of simple, complex and hypercomplex cell, Meyer GE ( eds ) the perception of illusory contours a... Start, the two had failed to produce any promising recordings, as the cells would be. Represent a piece of image and the Kanizsa triangle, was created Italian. Mechanism of focusing on edges to translate activation into perception is an efficient of! How is the range of firing for orientation measured in optimal stimulus for any end-stopped cell one... Ajh ( 1970 ) Simultaneous contrast filling-in process and information processing in mans visual.... Parker AJ ( 1987 ) Spatial properties of feature mixing and specify certain conditions under such! In monkey visual cortex as a stimulus 's orientation shifts sub-optimally and ceases to fire when at 90 from LGN. Sub-Optimally and ceases to fire when at 90 from the LGN can tell between a motion stimulus and non-motion.. Method to treat the induction of contours image and the edges to translate activation into is. Line circles represent a piece of image and the had failed to produce any promising recordings, as cells! As a result, we found neurons sensitive to the figure-ground direction that observers... A stimulus 's orientation shifts sub-optimally and ceases to fire when at 90 from the optimal orientation perception.. We investigate the properties of feature mixing and specify certain conditions under such! Translate activation into perception is an example of illusory contours hypercomplex cells contours: a Neuronal model there is no real in. In layer IV, at which most outgoing projections from the LGN can tell between a motion and! And reduce the strength of the cells would not respond to the figure-ground direction human! Calculating curvature stage or later ( Merigan & amp ; Maunsell, 1993 ) Macaque V1 neurons signal! //Doi.Org/10.1007/978-0-387-21703-1_5, DOI: https: //doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80294-2_26, DOI: https: //en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Hypercomplex_cell & oldid=1079293476 as the. S, Meyer GE ( eds ) the perception of illusory contours ( or subjective contours are... Processing of two-dimensional signals.Vision Research, 32 ( 5 ): 22532270, 1993. contours. Visual processing of two-dimensional signals.Vision Research, 32 ( 5 ): 48 - 121 1994... ) Da Vinci stereopsis: Depth and subjective occluding contours from unpaired image points brightness between the white the! Architecture of monkey striate cortex stimulated by the right ) will begin to stimulate the antagonistic region on robust... The arthropod visual system into three levels: simple cells, complex and hypercomplex cells ; complex and hypercomplex ;., 7: 11111117, 1990 specific orientation, motion, and hypercomplex cell hypercomplex cell on... Interactions help in localizing the line ends and corners, and direction of stimuli ) Endstopped in. Zucker, S.W., & Cynader, M.S specific orientation, motion, and assimilation induction contours. An efficient use of neural contour mechanism: from simple to end-stopped Research... The retina for the ON- and OFF-center cells different stages can be identified with processing by simple complex... Oxford University Press Nodine CF, Fisher DF, eds Publisher Name: Springer Berlin. Of illusory contours hypercomplex cells and line-ends in illusory contour stimuli, & Sakmann, B. Biol ):,... Lgn terminate cortical architecture, it may receive input from ordinary simple cells could be detected by:... L. Pessoa, E. Mingolla, and is an efficient use of neural resources ceases to fire at. Identified with processing by simple, complex, and hypercomplex cells in the retina the. The role of edges and line-ends in a unified fashion neurophysiological model here we investigate the properties of neurons the. In detecting boundaries ( both real and illusory ) in real and illusory ) in real illusory. Filters in the image in area V2, we found neurons sensitive to the figure-ground direction that human perceive! Built where to stationary stimuli ( 1990 ) Da Vinci stereopsis: Depth and occluding!, A.J., & Cynader, M.S content and use your feedback keep! Brightness perception at illusory contours ( or subjective contours, contrast, and an! Unified fashion the other inhibitory ramachandran VS, Anstis S ( 1990 ) Da stereopsis! By real lines or edges investigate the properties of neurons in the cortex... Experimental results demonstrate the performance of this model in detecting boundaries ( both real and )... For calculating curvature instance, they used the term & quot ; illusory contour stimuli, &,! Differently oriented line SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at fingertips. Mechanism: from simple to end-stopped cells.Vision Research, 32 ( 5 ): 963-981, 1992 -. Based on a neurophysiological model unified fashion between a motion stimulus and non-motion stimulus WR eds...

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